Hatchet – Gary Paulsen

Ax ESSAY Brian Robeson, the primary character in Gray Paulsen’s epic Hatchet experiences issues subsequent to slamming in the Canadian wild. In any case, he can endure in light of the fact that he gains from his slip-ups and he turns out to be increasingly positive and strong. When Brian endures the plane accident he at first thinks that its extremely hard to adapt in his new condition. His garments were doused and sloppy, he was freezing cold and his anorak had been torn. As he was for all intents and purposes unmoving a â€Å"swarming swarm of mosquitoes ran to his body. † He was being eaten alive yet didn’t have the vitality to battle back!Brian moved toward the lake and everything he could see was his ‘ugly’ impression of his pounded face. Brian was hopeless and desolate and discouraged. He could recollect how in the city it was all dark and dark however now he was in a green nature. Brian had no food so he figured out how to discover a few berri es which he called â€Å"gut cherries† in view of the gigantic stomach torments they gave him. He was fulfilled that he had food however it was nothing contrasted with what he could eat back home. One night while dozing Brian felt something on his leg, he awoken to see a porcupine close to his foot.Without thinking he kicked it and stalled out in his foot, Brian then tossed his ax at the porcupine yet didn’t hit it and arrived against the divider in his cavern. Brian felt so annoyed with himself. â€Å"It was very a lot and he couldn’t take it. † So it tends to be seen that at first Brian positively thinks that its difficult to get by in the wild. In spite of the fact that Brian thinks that its troublesome from the outset, he can endure on the grounds that he gains from his mix-ups and he is persevering. After the episode with the porcupine Brian required rest so he set down on his side and shut his eyes.That night Brian had an odd dream his closest compa nion Terry and his dad were in it. His father was attempting to address him about how he tossed the ax against the divider and that in the event that he did it again starts would come. His fantasy wasn’t at all reasonable yet Brian figured out how to discover its motivation. The following morning Brian investigated his fantasy over and over. He got his ax and continued reaching the stopping point with it. Brian realized that he required something to keep the sparkle alive so he snatched a couple of twigs and destroyed a twenty dollar note that he happen to have in his pocket.At first he didn’t succeed however with his constancy Brian made another companion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ fire†. Brian had still been eating gut fruits and required something new. Brian was down at the lake and seen some unusual tracks over the sand, he figured they may have been turtle tracks so he tailed them to discover turtle eggs covered, around 12 or something like that. Brian immediately aired out one and drank what was inside. He was in paradise and was going insane over these eggs. He realized he needed to leave a few so he returned the rest to his sanctuary. Brian realized he had a fire and he realized that his safe house was close to the lake.And what lives in the water? Fish do. Brian could make a fish stick! He cut a stick with his ax and started his assignment of attempting to get a fish. It wasn’t working, the fish would simply swim away when Brian raised his arm or made the smallest of developments. He required a superior weapon, possibly a bow and bolt. Brian’s fire had gone out while he was outside and incidentally a plane had flown past. Brian was shouting out to attempt to get the pilots consideration yet without the smoke he didn’t appear to look down.Brian was wrecked within, he just didn’t need to trouble any longer. He got his ax and began slitting his wrist. The following day Brian woke up upset yet subsequent to taking some time to consider he was a renewed person, he gained from his missteps and improved a fire which he would continue and he would not let any person or thing hinder his endurance. He even figured out how to finish his bow and bolt, he was giving it a shot when the bolt supported into his face. He didn’t need to be vexed so he improved a bolt which would hold.Brian recollected from past involvement in the lance that the light refracts in water so he knew precisely how to get a fish. The difficulty was that it wasn’t as simple as he considered an hour of attempting Brian at last got one, his first fish. In all the time he’d spent so far in the Canadian wild he never figured he would feel so great. With the extra fish guts Brian places them in a shallower pool of water which obviously pulled in more fish. He at that point made a little net which fenced off the pool. He essentially had his on fish tank where he could eat any at any time.Because Brian is resolved and can gain from his errors he figures out how to persevere through this troublesome time. Over the long haul, Brian turns out to be increasingly positive and strong and he will not yield. Brian had been working out in a good way, he’d been eating fish and keeping up his fire so that if salvage came he’d be back home. Fish was getting sort of exhausting for Brian and he felt like meat. Obviously there were feathered creatures around, Brian could hear them constantly. The issue was how to get them? He could utilize his bow and bolt yet the winged creatures may take off at the sound of development sort of like the fish.Brian thought about a fledgling called a moron feathered creature. They have astonishing disguise abilities. Brian found that the moron fowls were formed rather like pears and that he should search for shapes not hues when attempting to catch these winged creatures. With his cerebrum and readiness Brian figured out how to kill one of the imbecile winged c reatures, having his authority â€Å"day of first meat. † Weeks had passed and still Brian hadn’t been protected, it was as though they’d disregarded him or possibly glancing in an inappropriate spot. However, Brian must be certain and think positive as he quietly held up day after day.He was doing all that he could consider right so why hadn’t he been protected at this point. Time would reveal to Brian thought. There would been no Brian Robeson without more wounds, similar to one day when he was down at the lake a moose came to get a beverage and thought of Brian as an ask so the moose slammed his leaving Brian without broken ribs as he suspected. Things weren’t going great, he could scarcely walk well and one night an awful thing occurred. He heard whirlwinds originating from hear there and all over. It was a tornado. Brian wasn’t safe right now and he was terrified for his life.The next morning he woke up to finish catastrophe. His safe h ouse had been destroyed, there were trees on the ground wherever you watched and out on the lake Brian could see that the tornado was that solid that is figured out how to move the plane so its tail was standing up. Brian expected to kick his shoot again he couldn’t hazard one more opportunity of not being safeguarded. So he repaired his safe house and lit the fire again yet at the same time he wasn’t saved. Brian was getting a piece tired of the circumstance that he needed to bring matters into his own hands.There probably been an endurance pack in the plane which he knew would have a type of salvage gadget so he set up a pontoon made out of logs he’d found after the tornado. With his messed up ribs Brian rowed out towards the plane. All he had with his was his ax. At the point when he got to the plane he tied the pontoon up and started looking at how he could get inside. Brian began hacking at the arrangement with his ax. At that point out of nowhere he droppe d his ax. He couldn’t trust it this time Brian had been lost the main valuable thing he had was his ax and now that was at the base of the dinky lake.He needed to recover it, he simply needed to! Brian plunged down into the lake glancing around yet wasn’t ready to see anything. He at that point jumped during a time figuring out how to get his ax. He at that point kept slashing at the plane. Following a couple of moments Brian had made it greater for him to simply fit through so he moved inside the plane. Brian glanced around and couldn’t see any sort of endurance unit or sack. So he plunged under and found the sack which was appended to the seat in the front of the plane. He figured out how to kick it and off creation out of the wreckage.As he was hauling the pack out he would move so Brian moved around whatever was inside and fortunately it came out. He rowed back to shore and back up to his sanctuary, where he at that point peered inside the sack. It had all t hat you could envision. Covers, pots, food, water, knifes however above all else Brian saw a handset sort of gadget he turned it on at the base yet it didn’t appear to do anything. Brian was ravenous to such an extent that he didn’t care about endurance at this moment. He saw bundles of food which you simply needed to include water and you were finished. Brian ate around 5 grown-up dinners and afterward he heard a noise.It seemed like a kind of plane, at that point he gazed upward. Descending arriving close to the lake was a plane and a man moved toward him and said â€Å"Your Brian Robeson, that kid that got lost aren’t you? † Brian said only â€Å"Would you like some food†. By declining to yield and staying positive, Brian endures his time alone in the Canadian wild. When Brian’s plane accidents it initially creates the impression that he will battle to endure. Anyway with each experience Brian figures out how to do things any other way an d this helps his endurance. He turns into an individual who can gain from his mix-ups and stay positive and decided in his new condition.

Review of Willa Cather’s My Antonia

My Antonia gives us that it requires some investment to truly reveal everyones genuine individual, and that a book’s spread seldom does the composing any equity. I additionally found that the Lone Plow speaks to a misstep that a significant number of us regularly end up making. In any case, for myself, the greatest expectation to learn and adapt from this book would be that life can now and again pass by gradually and appear to be exhausting and ordinary, yet before one knows it life changes, and one is left pondering, how the hell did I get here?Jim Burden’s life changes radically at 10 years old, when he is compelled to travel crosscountry via train to live on the Nebraska wilderness with his grandparents after the demise of his folks. Jim was joined by his father’s previous farmhand Jake. On that equivalent train made a beeline for Nebraska, there is a Bohemian family went to a similar spot. ? Jim's grandparents are straightforward yet kind individuals with li beral natures. He starts to appreciate the all the way open spaces of the boondocks. Not long after his appearance, the Burdens go to meet their new neighbors, the Shimerdas. Jim meets Mr.Shimerda, an informed performer, Mrs. Shimerda an irritable lady who appears to be requesting, the oldest child Ambrosch, Marek, Yulka, and the oldest little girl Antonia. Not long after gathering, Antonia and Jim become companions. The Shimerdas sadly are not faring admirably in their new nation, however do in the long run become companions with Peter and Pavel, two Russian men. Jim and Antonia become significantly nearer, after Jim dazzles her by murdering a snake. Winter follows, Jim gets sick, and Pavel dies. Dwindle then chooses to move away, which enormously disturbs Mr. Shimerdas.Right in perhaps the biggest blizzard that Nebraska had found in ten years. Mr. Shimerda ends it all after flawlessly orchestrating himself in the animal dwellingplace. The next day when Jim is disregarded in the ho use, he at that point feels Mr. Shimerda's soul. The Shimerda family demand that Mr. Shimerda’s body must be covered on their property. While disorderly, the memorial service function is moving. After this, the Burdens and a couple of different neighbors meet up as one out of a joined exertion to help the Shimerdas. So as to support her family, Antonia quits going to class and starts cultivating in the fields similarly as a man would.Jim becomes angry that Antonia is not, at this point ready to invest as much energy with him as he would have enjoyed. The Shimerdas quickly agitated their neighbors by acting in a careless manner because of the entirety of the assistance that they had gotten from their companions. In the long run however, everybody is accommodated. In the wake of living in the nation for a long time Jim's grandparents choose it best to move to Black Hawk with the end goal for Jim to go to class. Antonia likewise comes into this town to work for the Harlings. Oth er migrant nation young ladies additionally begin working in the town, and they become known as the employed girls.Jim spends a great deal of his spare time with Antonia and the Harling kids. Moving turns into the new fierceness in Black Hawk, and Antonia truly begins to appreciate it and starts going constantly. When Antonia begins making an awful name for herself, the Harlings ask Antonia to stop heading off to the moves. Accordingly, Antonia chooses to leave her place of employment and starts working for Wick Cutter. During this time Jim turns into somewhat standoffish and creatures just investing energy with Antonia and a couple of other employed young ladies. Jim starts to concentrate on his investigations a great deal in anticipation of school and can’t stand by to desert Black Hawk when he can.At his school in Lincoln, Jim turns out to be amazingly close with Gaston Cleric, his Latin educator and guide. The two begin to invest a decent measure of energy talking persona lly together. Despite the fact that Jim comes to the acknowledgment that he isn't, and never will, a scholastic as Gaston seems to be. One of Jim’s most loved employed young lady, Lena Lingard, stays with him one day, and they start to revive their past fellowship by going to plays together. The two start hang out, despite the fact that two other men are transparently infatuated with her.As an aftereffect of Lena’s unexpected return his life, Jim starts to allow his evaluations to drop. In light of Jim’s careless way to deal with his homework, Gaston Cleric asks Jim to accompany him to Harvard to proceed with his investigations. To Lena’s alarm, Jim concurs, and follows Gaston to Harvard. Under the watchful eye of entering graduate school two years after the fact, Jim chooses to get back to Black Hawk, where he knows about Antonia. Antonia had obviously gotten pregnant and was locked in to be hitched to Larry Donovan. She had evidently followed Larry to D enver, where he continued to pursue off every last bit of her cash was gone.Antonia had to then get back to her family's cultivate where she at that point conceived an offspring and assisted with working the land. Jim heres of this and goes to visit her. Antonia is somewhat astonished that Jim isn't baffled in her for poor choices. Jim at long last comes back to see Antonia following twenty years passed. He heard that Antonia had at long last gotten hitched, to a man named Anton Cuzak, and together they had bore around ten kids. Jim has additionally heard that Antonia has had a hard life, and he’s somewhat apprehensive about perceiving how the years had influenced her.When he shows up at their ranch, Jim is welcomed by her enormous family. Antonia doesn't appear remember him promptly, yet turns out to be incredibly energized once she does. She continues to give him all around her family’s ranch, which is by all accounts so brimming with life. Wherever they go, everybod y appears to be so glad and substance. Jim is glad to see his beloved companion Antonia looking admirably. He remains the night in the stable with two of the young men, so he may meet Antonia’s spouse and oldest child the following day. The next day Jim meets Cuzak, Antonia’s husband.Jim and Cuzak hit it off promptly, and it gets evident to him that Cuzak and Antonia's marriage is one of shared bliss and uniformity. Jim leaves however guarantees Antonia’s children that he will come back to Black Hawk one day soon, and take them all chasing. On out, Jim finds the old soil street that he once used to lead him home to his grandparents' ranch, and he starts to consider how that street changed his future and how now he has returned round trip back to where he had begun forever and a day prior. Much the same as with any novel, setting plays a key role.Jim's initial introduction of his new home on the Nebraska boondocks is that it appears to be tremendous and void. He feels that he has ventured out of human progress as he knew it, and that Nebraska will be another experience, where he should figure out how to live by another arrangement of rules and direct. Jim is leaving his previous existence totally behind, and will turn into a completely new individual on the Nebraska outskirts. Along these lines, he feels as if his old self is presently â€Å"erased† and â€Å"blotted out† as he goes to his granddad's home. I found that the â€Å"lone plough† additionally held extraordinary centrality in this novel.To me, it demonstrated that while at the time something may appear to be profoundly significant, yet at long last its actually simply an inconsequential memory. Quite a while back that furrow was presumably an unquestionable requirement have on the Nebraska wilderness, and was viewed as a glossy new toy to most ranchers, yet now years after the fact it is left to rust in a field after it turned into not, at this point valuable to its proprietor. Glancing back at the furrow, the rancher likely wouldn’t recall it as the glossy new toy he thought it used to be, yet rather recollects that it as a dependable bit of homestead gear, that's it and nothing less.While these some what little subtleties hold a lot of significance, I found that the bigger picture shocked me to some degree and left me recalling this story. For me, while I read the book I discovered it to some degree intriguing with easily overlooked details occurring to a great extent. With subplots once in a while, and distinctive rising activities in the end prompting a peak. In any case, I believed that the book was somewhat dull, and needed intrigue. Understanding it, got everyday to me. That was until the end. I found that end united it for me.While the story appeared to delay with little inspiration, the end caused me to acknowledge how much the characters truly had achieved. This reminds me life, from everyday things may appear to be exh austing however before you know it, you have achieved probably the biggest objective, and are presently thinking back wishing that you could do it once more. I wind up needing to rehash My Antonia to think back in the character’s little achievements en route; in light of the fact that while in all actuality I will most likely be unable to, in any event with this book I can remember the ascension.

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Use for Social Anxiety Disorder

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Use for Social Anxiety Disorder Social Anxiety Disorder Treatment and Therapy Print Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 29, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 09, 2020 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children David Buffington/Photographers Choice/Getty Images In This Article Table of Contents Expand Goals Cognitive Methods Behavioral Methods Internet CBT View All Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is commonly treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), a form of therapy that first became popular in the 1980s and 1990s for treating anxiety disorders. Research has shown that CBT is a form of therapy that reliably helps in overcoming clinical anxiety disorders.?? CBT is not one set method but rather a combination of various techniques that depend on the disorder being treated. For example, CBT for treating depression will be different from CBT for treating SAD or other anxiety disorders. Because there are so many different techniques, it is important that your therapist is experienced in using CBT for treating social anxiety disorder, and knows which particular techniques are most effective for this disorder. CBT for Depression and Anxiety Goals of CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder One of the central goals of CBT is to identify irrational beliefs and thought patterns and replace them with more realistic views. As part of the therapy process, you will work on a number of problem areas including: Misperceptions you may have about your abilities and self-worthGuilt, embarrassment, or anger over past situationsHow to be more assertiveTackling perfectionism and being more realisticDealing with procrastination related to social anxiety?? Your CBT therapy sessions may feel somewhat like a student-teacher relationship. The therapist will take the role of a teacher, outlining concepts and helping you on a path of self-discovery and change. You will also be assigned homework assignments that are key to making progress. Keys for Success There are several keys to success when it comes to CBT for social anxiety disorder. The likelihood that CBT will help you depends largely on your expectations about success, your willingness to complete homework assignments, and your ability to confront uncomfortable thoughts. People who are willing to work hard and believe that CBT will help them are more likely to improve. Although this form of therapy is intensive and requires active participation by the person with SAD, the improvement shown tends to be long-lasting and well worth the effort invested. Cognitive Methods CBT consists of a number of techniques, many of which focus on problematic thinking.?? Cognitive methods help lessen anxiety in interpersonal relationships and groups and give the person with SAD a feeling of control over their anxiety in social situations. The ultimate goal of cognitive therapy is to change your underlying core beliefs which influence how you interpret your environment. A change in your core beliefs will lead to long-lasting improvement of your anxiety symptoms. One of the central problems targeted by CBT is the existence of  automatic negative thoughts. People with SAD have developed automatic negative ways of thinking that are misaligned with reality, increase anxiety, and lessen your ability to cope. These thoughts occur instantly when you think about an anxiety-provoking situation.?? For example, if you have a fear of public speaking, just thinking about the situation will elicit thoughts of embarrassment and fear of failure. The goal of CBT is to replace these cognitive distortions with more realistic views. As a person suffering from SAD, at some point in your life, someone has probably told you to just “think positive.” Unfortunately, the problem is not that simple to solve; if it were, you likely would have overcome your anxiety long ago. Because your brain has become hardwired over time to think negatively and has anxious thoughts, it needs to be gradually trained to think in a new way.?? Just telling yourself “I will be less anxious next time” doesn’t work, given your current way of thinking. How Negative Automatic Thoughts Drive Social Anxiety Changing negative automatic thinking in the long term requires practice and repetition, every day for several months. At first, you might be asked simply to catch negative automatic thoughts and make them rationally neutral. As this becomes easier, you would work your way up to thoughts that are more realistic. Only then does it become automatic and habitual. Over time, your memory processes will be affected and the neural pathways in your brain will be altered. You will begin to think, act, and feel differently, but it will take persistence, practice, and patience for progress to be made. At first, this is a conscious process but as it is practiced and repeated it becomes automatic. Behavioral Methods One of the most commonly used behavioral techniques to treat SAD is known as systematic desensitization. This is a type of exposure training that involves gradually exposing you to anxiety-provoking situations so that over time they elicit less fear.?? Exposure training for SAD has to be a very gradual process. People may have told you to “toughen up and face your fears; unfortunately, this is extremely bad advice. People with social anxiety are already forced to face what they fear on a daily basis. Exposure that is not structured in a gradual step-by-step process does more damage than good. It will make your anxiety worse, keep you locked in a vicious cycle, and eventually lead to doubt and depression. With your therapist, you will gradually expose yourself to feared situations so that over time they no longer elicit fear.?? At first, you may practice imagined exposure, such as imagining giving a speech or practicing a job interview through role-playing. Once the practiced or imagined situation becomes easier, you would move to the situation in the real world. If exposure training moves too fast or the situations are too demanding too soon, it will backfire. 7 Types of Social Fears and the Best Way to Overcome Them Internet CBT for SAD Cognitive behavioral therapy provided over the Internet (i-CBT) is becoming increasingly common and has some research evidence to support its use, particularly when it is supported by a mental health professional.?? Given that CBT follows a structured format, it is particularly suited to online applications including self-help or therapist-supported interventions. This form of CBT may also be helpful for those with severe social anxiety who are not yet at the point of being able to leave home to attend in-person therapy appointments.?? Understanding Agoraphobia or Fear of Leaving the House A Word From Verywell If you live with social anxiety that impairs your day-to-day functioning, it is important to seek help from your doctor or mental health professional. If you are diagnosed with social anxiety disorder, an effective treatment plan including CBT can be devised that will help you to overcome symptoms and manage your social anxiety. Find Help With One of the 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

The And Process Power Of Support - 1264 Words

Psychoeducational and Process: Power of Support Death of a loved one can be overwhelming. The world changes for those in grief. While some may be grateful that loved one is no longer suffering, countless others were not prepared for a family member or friend’s life to end. Maybe the death was sudden or sudden, the child died, nobody can prepare those left behind for the anguish of experiences. Grief often lies beyond words, beyond the simple explanation of of our conscious minds. It is in the unconscious, the mystery of life, that expression the deep wounds and traged of lossis found (Earl, 2007). Group Type Population of Intend Serves Number of Session and Length of Sessions Plan to Approach Diversity Concerns Group Approach with†¦show more content†¦As far as treatment focuses on personal goals and relationships. The fundamental principle of CGT is grief is a natural, adaptive process. As a result, treatment of clients with complicated grief (CG) involves removing the disablements to a successful resolve of the grieving process. Through a variety of loss and restoration-approach methods, the group leaders, simplify, the progress of grief to help the clients come to terms with death (Wetherell, 2012). Integrative Cognitions play a central role in behavior, comments Corey, Corey, and Corey, (2014); it has rewards, it allows a flexible and characteristic of understanding each member’s, problems regardless of their grieving process. Thereby, concentrating on different diverse chooses from many approaches and groups of methods (Corey et al., 2014). For this reason, one of the best-known theoretical approachs, is the integration process. in addition to, have mixture of methods (Dluhy, Saiger, Rubenfeld, 2007). For this reason, the goal of creating an unnoticeable framework produces a two or more theoretical approaches, under the belief that the outcome will be comfortable than theory alone. Thereupon, highlighting, the fundamental of emotion-focused therapy (EFT), which is the role of emotion, in psychotherapeutic change Existential Therapy Existential can be definite as faith, lies, and philosophic anthropology to convey its meaning. The existential approach

Project Analysis Jubilee Insurance And Savannah...

Concept Paper: E-Claims EDI project Background Jubilee Insurance and Savannah Informatics have been involved in a project to automate the transmission of claims data from the health providers directly to Jubilee’s core medical system. The project has been going on for about 18 months. The project is part of an initiative by SHOPS and private health insurers in Kenya who identified the need to develop an industry wide EDI that will enable migration to paperless of claims administration and the insured benefits. of reduced operating costs and increased use of data analytics for business management. The project partners involved in the initial proof of concept phase are mainly Jubilee Insurance, Savannah Informatics and Gertrude’s Children Hospital. If the process is successful for this pilot site, the other health providers will be involved though AKUH has been actively involved. The purpose of this concept paper is to clearly define the project milestones, timelines and Jubilee’s expectation in the eClaims project and define explicitly the engagement with Savannah Informatics as a key partner in the delivery of the product. Purpose Scope The following are limited to the scope of this project: 1. Eligibility checks, Pre-authorization checks in the hospitals. 2. Electronic Claims submission between Jubilee and Gertrude’s Hospital. Description of the EDI Project The overall technical strategy of Jubilee’s partnership with SIL is informed by the following objectives:

What Is Community Work Free Essays

What Is Community Work? Through this essay I will try to create a greater understanding of the term ‘community work’. I will begin with a short summary from two studies which help define the term on a broad basis. I will follow this by an explanation of the various approaches which can be used in community work. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Community Work or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will highlight the importance the community and voluntary sector have in social partnership in Ireland today. I will also discuss how funding, or a lack of it, impacts on essential services. Whether or not volunteers are an essential part of community work. I will also discuss the possible consequence of losing some of these organisations as a result of cuts in funding. Finally by looking at the work of ‘Community Platform’ I will show how, through a shared vision they hope to create a better Ireland through their work in the community. To understand what community work is it is first necessary to understand the various definitions of community. While this may seem apparent initially, upon closer inspection one will discover that there is no clear consensus. What we do know is that as Hillery, a sociologist working in the 1950s pointed out, all 94 definitions of community referred to people (Mayo 1994). Varley (1988) defines these more concisely into three categories. ?Communities defined in purely special or geographical term. ?Communities defined as relationships that occur within a specific locality. ?Communities defined as relationships which may occur within or transcend conventional geographical boundaries. Working within these categories community workers seek to empower individuals and groups of people by providing them with the skills they need to effect change in their own communities. We will look at detailed examples of this later. I will first explain my understanding of the five main strands or approaches identified by David A Thomas (1993) in his study of community work in the early 1980s: Community Action: this requires people from a community to come together, recognising the problems that their community faces and taking action to reduce these problems. This approach can have a range of benefits. It helps those individuals involved to develop skills and claim ownership of the outcome. An example of this is when residents come together to campaign for speed bumps or lower speed limits in the area. Community Development: this requires people coming together to develop a range of practices to help improve local conditions, especially for people in disadvantaged situations. It helps people to participate in public decision making and thus achieve greater control of their circumstances. An example of this is when residents turn an area that was once used for anti-social behaviour into a playground for children. This creates a safer environment for local people. Social Planning: this is a process that is carried out through identifying strengths and weaknesses in a community. This is done by designing and implementing programmes, which help to improve the quality of life in that community. It usually involves the action of a political, legal, or recognized voluntary body. An example of this is when an area is identified as having a very large increase in children. This information is acted on and a new school is built in the area. Community Organisation involves various community or welfare agencies working with or without the involvement of statutory authorities, supporting joint initiatives. An example of this is when organisations connect through managing, sponsoring and improving the work of various bodies. This may be carried out at a local, regional or national level. Community Care primarily focuses on the area of healthcare for the disabled, the elderly and the very young. It is a model that encourages members of the community to be active participants in helping themselves. In some cases community care may use professionals in conjunction with volunteers. In other cases volunteers may manage projects with little or no involvement from professionals. Now that we have an understanding of the various definitions of community and have explored the different approaches of community work, we will now look at the how this work is structured in Ireland today with the help of social partnership. Social partnership was set up in Ireland in 1987. Its membership was initially limited to the government, businesses, trade unions and farmers. Organisations representing the unemployed and those experiencing poverty and inequality protested that their members did not benefit from the agreements and so began to lobby to be included in the 1996 negotiations. It was decided in 2000, by the Fianna Fail government, that inclusion of community and voluntary organisations was the way forward. Eight organisations were successful in their efforts when they were selected by the Government to become the Community Voluntary Pillar – the fourth social partnership pillar. It is now made up of seventeen representative organisations. This pillar represents huge progress for marginalised people. Although it is important to remember that in order to make a sustainable difference the voice these organisations have been give, must be listened to. While in theory social partners can be involved in both policy making and implementation of such policy, it is argued ( Meade 2005) that because community and voluntary organisations lack economic clout, they have been granted only marginal influence over the substance of policy decisions. Popples theory in â€Å"Analysing community Work† (1995) states â€Å"Most practitioners are employed in one way or another by the state therefore acting with particular instructions or authority, so that they could be considered to be a subordinate branch of the dominant ‘organic’ intellectuals. Whilst on the other hand the fact that they can be at odds with the dominant ideology and are encouraging individuals and groups to articulate their own discourse means that they do not fully agree with the dominant system. † While it is important that the government is involved and provides subsidises to the voluntary and community sector at a national and community level, it is also fair to say that participation by volunteers in the local community is equally important as they understand what the community requires at a grass roots level. As the Mayfield Community Development Project in Cork advocates, it is fundamental to ask the local people what they need, to encourage as much participation as possible. Cullen (1989) observes that participative community development projects counterbalance the bigness and the bureaucracy of state run welfare agencies. In other words, if the recipients of these services are involved, these agencies become less intimidating and more user-friendly. This approach empowers people to be involved in identifying and meeting their own needs. Although participation from volunteers in the local community is vital, problems can surface when local communities come to rely heavily on the support provided by these volunteers. An example of this occurred when an introduction of community care policies led to reductions in the provision of state sponsored residential care and thus increased the demands on already pressured carers. This issue is particularly relevant today due to the current economic climate. The government is seeking to cut their expenditure in many areas, including the community and voluntary sectors. An Bord Snip Nua’s proposed cuts in funding for community and voluntary organisations will effectively amount to a huge reduction in funding for essential public services. The proposed cut of 64% in the allocation for community and voluntary sector supports, will weaken community and voluntary organisation’s capacity to deliver essential services to the most vulnerable people in society. Which raises the following questions, ? Is the government relying on volunteers too heavily? ? Is lack of funding going to break down the fabric of the community work network in Ireland? ? What are the potential consequences of the proposed cuts? Only in time, will we discover the true answers to these questions but for now let us look at the evidence that is available to us today. Undoubtedly the Governments reliance on volunteers within the community is very apparent. It is important to remember that very often we would not have these volunteers, without the recruitment strategies that are put in place by professionals. It is also crucial volunteers are monitored and get the support they need to carry out their work effectively. Without the funded professional element in community work, it is possible that the quality of service may be compromised. This may result in volunteers becoming over worked by carrying out the duties of the paid professionals. This can lead to volunteers being under too much pressure to carry out their vital work. A consequence of this may be the closure of much needed services, which will impact greatly on society in general. This may lead to a more segregated community with an increased level of problems such as anti-social behaviour and mental health issues to name just two. This is why in my opinion, it is essential to have both professional and voluntary workers in the community for a cohesive approach to the various issues. It is important at this point to examine the vital community work that may be affected by these cuts. I am using the organisation Community Platform as an example. This is an organisation which facilitates both community and voluntary organisations to come together through one voice at a national level. Publishing its pre-budget submission (2010), the Community Platform said that making the poor poorer in order to try to balance the books made absolutely no sense and would have disastrous and costly social consequences. Community platform currently has 29 members that work together to address poverty, social exclusion and inequality. Funding is provided to the Community Platform by the Department of Community, Rural ; Gaeltacht Affairs. The vision of the Community Platform is an Ireland that is inclusive, sustainable and equal. Working closely with all of its members it aims to develop and promote this vision through shared analysis. The following groups are just a small example of the essential services that come under the community platform umbrella: ?Age Action Ireland. Rape Crises Network Ireland. ?Simon Communities of Ireland. ?Womens Aid. ?Community Workers’ Co-operative. By looking at some of the essential services that Community Platform facilitate we can see just how important this community work is and the key services that may suffer because of these cuts. As a result of my studies I have ascertained that community work appears to be many things to many people. It can be a rewardin g experience to both the facilitator and the beneficiary. It can bring people together in the hope of improving circumstances for themselves or others. It can help people to achieve their goals for their community by coming together through one voice. It may be a carried out by a paid professional or a volunteer. Both of which have their own merit. Government support and funding are imperative to sustain the level of help that is needed in the community. However it is evident that when both professionals and volunteers work together, greater results can be achieved. Community work is essential in society to help improve living conditions. With an emphasis on improving the conditions of marginalised, vulnerable people. Bibliography How to cite What Is Community Work, Papers

Pain And Suffering Of Animals For Humans Sake Right Or Wrong Essays

Pain And Suffering Of Animals For Humans' Sake: Right Or Wrong Pain and Suffering of Animals for Humans' Sake: Right or Wrong When you go out to eat and look at your thick and juicy T-bone steak what do you think about? When you look at that gorgeous mink coat in the department store what is going through your mind? When you here that cigarette smoke causes cancer in lab animals what is the first thing that comes to mind? Chances are that in each of these cases you were not thinking about how the cow suffered while it was being fattened up, ho painful the trap was that caught those mink, or the conditions those lab animals hat to endure to develop that cancer. Most people do not think about these things. However, in this paper, you will be enlightened on the pain and suffering of animals in three different industries and you will also hear from the other side of this issue. First, one of the biggest culprits of animal suffering is the animal food industry. This is an industry in which people have a tendency to block out or ignore the animal mistreatment; this is done by disassociating oneself with the direct harm and ignoring the indirect harm (Harnack 133). A good start under this example in the case of pigs. Normally, pigs are intelligent animals capable of showing affection. They have very good senses of smell, which is why pigs have been used as hunting animals (Coats 31). This normal behavior is disrupted however in the food industry. Pigs are taken to slaughter at about twenty-four weeks of age when they are approximately 220 pounds (Coats 32). Pigs are usually mass-caged into groups that consist of other pigs of the same sex and age. This can cause excessive aggressiveness in the animals due to the stifling of the natural social orders, which are accomplished though mixing (Coats 33). Due to inactivity in cages, pigs become ?bored? and do things such as gnaw on the bars of the cage or on the body parts of other pigs. Factory owners attempt to remedy this by doing things such as cutting off a piglet's tail shortly after being born (Coats 33). There is also gender specific cruelty. To reduce aggressiveness, male pigs are castrated. Most of the time, this is done without anesthetic. This is a practice seen in other divisions of the farm industry as well (Coats 33). ?A factory breeding sow [pig] averages two and a half litters a year and ten litters in a life time. With ten or eleven piglets per litter, she brings 100-110 piglets into the systems during the first four to five years of her life? (Coats 34). The pig factory owners try to get the greatest amount of piglets in the least amount of time. They do this by trying to find the optimum amount of time to leave a piglet with his mother. The later a piglet is weaned away from his mother, the better chance it will live, however this is time that the mother is not pregnant (Coats 34). Pigs confined in cages in factories have a high rate of disease and physical problems that range from respiratory diseases to lame and broken legs (Coats 45). Next, we have cows. Cows have the ?opportunity? to go into three different division of the farming industry: dairy cow, veal calf, or beef cow (Coats 7). Firstly, concerning milk cows, the only time that a female cow produces milk is after she has had a calf, and she only produces for as long as the calf suckles (Coats 50). To keep the cows producing milk, they must be impregnated about once a year and give birth (Coats 56). While a calf is still getting milk from its mother, it drinks small quantities about twenty times a day. The cow replenishes itself as needed. In the dairy farm, a cow is ?sucked dry? approximately two to three times per day. This forces a cow to be over loaded and weighed down with milk (Coats 50-51). When an exceptional cow is found, she is put aside for breeding. She is given drugs to induce the production of more eggs. These eggs are

Brennan Surname Meaning and Origin

Brennan Surname Meaning and Origin One of Irelands most frequent surnames, Brennan generally derived as a form of one of several Irish language surnames: From the Irish  Ãƒâ€œ Braonin, meaning descendant of  Braonn.  The Irish personal name Braonn is believed to mean sorrow, from the Irish  braon, meaning moisture or drop.From the Irish names Mac Branin and Ó Branin, both meaning descendant of Brann,  from the given name Brann, derived from  bran, meaning little raven. The Mac Branin were chiefs of a large territory in present-day County Roscommon, and many of the Brennan families in the counties of Mayo, Sligo and Roscommon descend from them. The OBrennans were chiefs of the  Uà ­ Duach sept located in northern Osraighe (Ossory), which  included all of county Kilkenny and part of county Laois. Brennan is one of 50 common Irish surnames of modern Ireland.   Surname Origin:  Irish Alternate Surname Spellings:  BRENNEN, MCBRENNAN, MACBRENNAN, BRANNON, BRANNAN, BRANNEN, BRANNIN, OBRAONAIN, BRANNY Where do People with the Surname BRENNAN Live? Irish Brennan families were very widespread, settling in Fermanagh, Galway, Kerry, Kilkenny, and Westmeath. According to WorldNames publicprofiler, individuals with the Brennan last name are now found in largest numbers in central Ireland, especially in County Sligo and the province of Leinster. The surname is much less common in Northern Ireland. Famous People with the Surname BRENNAN Walter Brennan - American actor, veteran of over 100 filmsWillie Brennan - Irish highwayman of legend, immortalized by Brennan on the MoorWilliam J. Brennan Jr. - former US Supreme Court justiceMaeve Brennan - Irish short story writer and journalist Genealogy Resources for the Surname BRENNAN The Brennans of ConnachtPat Brennan has put together a great deal of information on the origins of the Brennan surname, genealogies of early Brennan families, a list of MacBranan chiefs, and history of the families after the famine. British Surname Profiler - Distribution of the Brennan SurnameTrace the geography and history of the Brennan surname through this free online database based on a University College London (UCL) project investigating the distribution of surnames in Great Britain, both current and historic. Brennan Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Brennan surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Brennan surname query. FamilySearch - BRENNAN GenealogyAccess over 1.9 million free historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Brennan surname and its variations. BRENNAN Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Brennan surname. DistantCousin.com - BRENNAN Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Brennan. Looking for the meaning of a given name? Check out First Name Meanings Cant find your last name listed? Suggest a surname to be added to the Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins. - References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back to Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins

21 Unprofessional Habits That Will Keep You From Getting The Job

21 Unprofessional Habits That Will Keep You From Getting The Job We all have our bad habits. And the world of getting and holding down a job is hard enough without them seeping in to sabotage us. Here are 21 of the most unprofessional habits you should break to make sure your job-getting (or keeping) is never in jeopardy. 1. SloppinessDon’t let careless grammar or spelling mistakes affect your future. Proofread everything you do- from your resume to your performance review. You don’t want your  work thrown out before it’s even read!2. Lack of PreparationDo your homework, particularly for the job interview. Show you are self-starting enough to realize what preparation is appropriate and necessary to get the job done. Getting this right shows you understand the responsibilities involved in everything you sign up for.3. Trying too Hard to Get AttentionLet your resume stand out because of its content and your merits, not because of fancy formatting or fonts- or worse, colorful paper.4. Your Vices (Right Pre-Interview)Smoking and drinking may seem innocuous to you, but your interviewer (and your boss) will be able to smell both on you, and neither show you in a favorable light.5. Bad HygieneJust shower before every job interview. Just do. And probably also before every shift you work.6. LatenessLateness is a very bad habit in general, but before a job interview it can be a death knell. Plan to be 15 minutes early; the worst case scenario will leave you time to pee and check your appearance before walking in.7. TextingWhile you’re waiting for your interview (you’re early! good job!), do your best not to spend that extra time texting. This makes you look bored. Try a magazine instead- or a company brochure.8. Public GroomingGrooming is important, but keep it to the restroom. Don’t touch up your makeup or comb your hair- or worse, put on deodorant- in public or in the waiting room.9. OverpackingLeave your latte, your water bottle, your gym bag, and maybe even your telephone in your car. Wa lk in with your resume, your portfolio, and perhaps a briefcase, but nothing else.10. Overly Casual AttireDressing down is never a good idea. Dress for the job you want- not the one you have, or even the one you’re applying for. This can be tricky; the last thing you want to do is err too far on the side of formal, but do try to strike the balance (or risk looking unprofessional).11. Speaking Before You ThinkFrom the moment you walk in and introduce yourself to the receptionist, you need to be careful what you say. Every word out of your mouth in the interview process will be judged- and should be. Speak accordingly.12. InformalityThis doesn’t mean being super cordial and speaking like Shakespeare. But it does mean not leading with â€Å"Yo!† when your interviewer introduces herself.13. A Bad AttitudeAvoid arrogance, project self-confidence, and do not, whatever you do, bad mouth former employers, companies, or your former boss. Stay positive and get a positive reaction.14. TMIYou’re there to convince the company you’re the perfect person for that job. You want to give them a sense of who you are, but there is a line. Don’t cross it and veer too far into oversharing.15. ShynessHumility is great. And arrogance is awful. But do try your best to mask your shyness and timidity. You don’t want anyone thinking you’re too meek and won’t be able to contribute effectively to the team.16. CursingJust don’t. There is no place for swear words or foul language in the interview- or in the workplace.17. InterruptingWhatever you have to say can wait. Let your interviewer at least finish their sentence first before you speak.18. FibbingEven a little embellishing here and there is unwise. Chances are, your interviewer will look into your background and you will get caught. That’s the job lost. Stick to the facts, but present them at their best.19. Bad Body LanguageIt’s important to say the right thing, but even if you do, you could still derail the proceedings with hostile, bored, or shifty body language. Don’t forget what your hands, head, and legs are doing while you’re speaking.20. OvereagernessNo matter how much you want the job- and it is important to convey that- do your best not to appear too eager. I.e., don’t ask â€Å"So did I get the job?† or â€Å"Did I do okay?†21. Lack of GraciousnessFollow up. Write a thank you note immediately after your interview– handwritten if possible. Even if you don’t think it went well, it’s important to be gracious and say thank you like a grown up.

Entrepreneurship questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Entrepreneurship questions - Assignment Example This discussion shall focus on the earning based approach together with its strengths and weaknesses. Moreover it will focus on factors that may affect franchising over the next ten years. This mode of business valuation is based on the concept of predicting the probability of a business to make profits and more wealth in future. In this case, the valuator may undertake various forms of calculation majorly based on determining future income cash flows by using a company’s records indicating past earnings as well as other records indicating general information of past performance. This is specifically done by creating a normalcy of expected revenue and the multiplying it with a specific capitalization factor. One of the strengths of the earning-based approach is the fact that it involves the use of simple computing methods such as the Price Multiple Earnings. Moreover, this method has been considered relatively more accurate as compared to other methods like asset based approach. One the other hand, it is quite challenging to attain 100% accuracy with this method making its greatest weakness. Increasing business competition is one imperative factor that will affect franchising over the next ten years. This is due to the fact majority of upcoming businesses are exposed to high rates of competition with already established businesses thus compelling them to use business models of these already established businesses. Moreover, varying economic factors i.e. fluctuation of prices that majorly affects new small scale businesses may affect franchising over the next decade; this may compel such enterprises to franchise with already established and financially stable businesses. "EARNINGS VERSUS CASH BASED VALUATION TECHNIQUES." EARNINGS VERSUS CASH BASED VALUATION TECHNIQUES. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Feb. 2014.

Supplier evaluationfor achieving long-term performance Essay

Supplier evaluationfor achieving long-term performance - Essay Example outside the business then it follows that the biggest opportunities for improvement in their cost position will also be found in that wider supply chain (Christopher, 2005). Having the right suppliers ultimately makes a significant difference to an organization’s future in reducing operational costs and improving the quality of its end products, whereas having the wrong suppliers can cause operational and financial problems (Zeydan, Colpan and Cobanoglu, 2011). This has led firms to focus on improving their supply chain by continuously evaluating the performances of their suppliers. To achieve this, firms are increasingly building collaborative relationships with partners in their supply chain in order to achieve efficiencies, flexibility, and a competitive advantage (Whipple, Lynch, and Nyaga 2009). Such a relationship which involves collaborative activities, such as information sharing, joint relationship effort, and dedicated investments leads to trust and commitment. Trust and commitment in turn lead to improved satisfaction and performance. Unlike a transactional relationship where there is only a simple exchange between buyer and supplier, where the supplier provides goods or services and the buyer provides money in payment, the collaborative approach that firms are adopting allows the buyer organization to seek to develop a long-term relationship with the supplier. The strategic view is that the buyer organization and the supplier share common interests, and both benefit from seeking ways of adding value in the supply chain. There is a win-win situation, where buyer, supplier and end-customer can all benefit (CIP, 2010). However, in order for the buyer to keep track of these relationships and assess the supplier performance, an evaluation process must be in place (Stueland, 2004). It is quite understandable why companies today turn to buyers to reduce costs because good buyers will reduce the overall costs suffered by their organization. In turn, this

In Which Of The 13 English Colonies Would You Have Preferred To Live? :: Informative, Personal Experience

I would have preferred to live in Pennsylvania out of all the thirteen colonies. Pennsylvania was a very prosperous colony due to the fact that everyone had economic opportunity. Also, the people had civil liberty, allowing them to surpass the other colonies that had multiple restrictions. In addition, they had religious freedom unlike other colonies. Pennsylvania had many great features compared to the other colonies. In Pennsylvania, progress was made toward social reform. No provisions had been made in order to receive military defense. This colony promoted peace. Also, no restrictions were placed on immigration, and naturalization was made easy, making it easier for new immigrants to move there. Many people in the colony disliked the idea of black slavery. Therefore, all of the social characteristics made it easier for the citizens to grasp the concept that there was no need for contradictions in social status. There were many economic opportunities in Pennsylvania. The soil was fertile and there was plenty of land. Grain was a big export here and earned Pennsylvania the title as one of the "bread colonies". The water was also very clean, which helped to prevent diseases. The economic characteristics of Pennsylvania helped the economy to prosper. Due to the fact that Pennsylvania was liberal, it helped it in politics, religion, and with ethnic ties. Pennsylvania had a representative assembly, voted by landowners. The colonists had freedom of worship and a "no tax-supported church". The rich mix of ethnic groups helped the colonists learn more about other cultures and also helped to bring forth new traditions. Therefore, liberation helped gain strength in the political, religious, and ethnic ties in Pennsylvania.

Emergence of a new nation In a multipolar world: Bangladesh Essay

Analysis of a long period (1947-1971) needed for the independence of Bangladesh is mainly depicted in this book. Analysis of why and how Bangladesh was emergent as a sovereign country in the world is also illustrated here. Number of both internal and external factor that led the liberation war of 1971 also plays a vital role in the analysis. The liberation war 1971 with its final achievements through the sacrifices has remained as a sacred and precious part in the history of Bangladesh. The nine month long a glorious war which was identified as a major land mark in the entire process of evaluation, analytical role of India, erstwhile Soviet Union, USA and China constitute the central content of the work. Internal developments stimulating the rise and consolidation of nationalism are analytically discussed. The focus however is on the international setting of Bangladesh in a relatively short time. The present revised and enlarged edition contains analysis of national and international developments since 1975,which was the cutoff point of this book when published in 1978.Three new chapters included in this enlarged edition dwell on Global, Regional and National changes and developments from 1975-2006.State building, Nation building and Parliamentary Democracy in Bangladesh and terrorism & national security. Read more: Essay About Liberation War of Bangladesh Chapter -1 It describes how the birth of a new state occurred in a polycentric world. The world of the nineteen seventies apparently multipolar can also be described as a ‘Pentarchy’ structure of two triangles in which five dominant power rules. The first triangle is Military, consisting of those states with dominant strength in arms, actual and potential, the United States, the Soviet Union and China. The second triangle consists of three leading powers in the world of economy and finances the United States, Western Europe and Japan. The triangles are asymmetrical and unstable for, while chinas Military power continues to rise, though slow and gradually, the economic position of the United Sates continues to decline relatively, if only proportionately, to those of Western Europe and Japan.The triangles are also complex and inter related. The Military triangle is composed of limited adversaries, whereas the economic triangle consists of limited alliances. The World System since the beginning of seventies has not only registered as marked integration of the cold war collisions but has also been featured by growing challenges to the competence and authority of nation state institutions. The challenges to the existing nation state institutions has been most strident in the so called Third world, where practically every government presides over a multi-ethnic,multi-linguistic and multi-cultural state. That Challenge was crowned with success in a spectacular fashion in the case of Bangladesh at the close of 1971 the caesarean birth of Bangladesh marked the success of the first armed separatist struggle in the post,1945 post-colonial third World. During 1953-1957 the United State was busily making collective security arrangements in an attempt to recruit ‘Allies’ for her confrontation with the communist camp. In south-east Asia the United State sponsor and encouraged the formation of SEATO (The South East Asian Treaty Organization) and CENTO (The Central Treaty Organization). The arrangement was originally viewed by the United States & Thailand as underpinning the inherently with Geneva agreement which recognized the communist-ruled North Vietnam. CENTO also began as a regional security grouping at the behest of Iraq and Britain, but the participation of those northern states of Asia sharing frontiers with the Soviet Union such as Iran, Turkey, Pakistan and the reinsurance, as it were, provided by the United Sates, made CENTO no less than SEATO, a US weapon against her Global adversary, Soviet Union. The birth of Bangladesh-the first state to be born in blood and fire in a polycentric world has been a unique case, as the following analysis shows. There is hypothesis that political factors, rather than economic, ethnic and cultural one, were catalyst of Bangladesh revolution. Chapter -2 From autonomy to secession 1. A brief history about the Muslim rules in India from the late 1200 century to 1957 is described here. Muslim separatism-British rule in India, in general ,was favorable to Hindus. In Bengal, the nineteenth century ,Bengali middle class with Calcutta as its economic, cultural and multi political Mecca, was a Hindu middle class.The Bengali muslim society, at this time, consisted of a thin aristocratic stratum, a small but gradually growing, English educated middle class and a vast, impoverished and illiterate peasantry. 2. Political history of mother tongue-from the beginning of the emergence of Pakistan that was cultural and linguistic discrimination between east and west Pakistan. The Awami Muslim League with other dissident political groups demanded the recognition of political and cultural rights of East Pakistan. When Pakistan tried to impose Urdu, a language as the only speech language of the country, the political parties of East Pakistan and several other organizations opposed these attempts through mass rallies, processions, meetings and demonstration during the period 1942-1952. A number of students lost their lives as a result of police firing on the procession. They became the first martyrs of Bengal for the cause of language, culture and autonomy. 3. Formation of united front government in 1954 and they demanded 21 points. Among other things the most important was full regional autonomy. 4. Proclaimed of martial law in 1958 – President Mirza proclaimed martial law in the country on 7th October’1958.On 27th October he himself was ousted by  General Ayub Khan, who proceeded to build a Unitarian, centralized, dictatorial system with the support and sanction of arm forces. Sheikh Mujib with his lieutenants came out openly in 1966, with their manifesto, called the 6th point program, which outlined a situation of maximum political, economic and administrative autonomy for East Bengal within a confederal Pakistan. 5. Politics under military resumes. 6. Civil world and secession from 25th March to Aug’1971. 7. Gaining of de-facto independence of Bangladesh.

Uncle Tom s Children The Mother Of All Nations

Women: the mother of all nations, the true rulers of the world, the love of all mankind, and the spiritual troopers to all the soldiers. The essence of every woman is to help raise and nurture mankind. A women is the backbone to every man, child, and women. When you fall down, she picks you up, dusts you off, and sends you back on your way, hopefully on the right path. It’s best to trust a women’s intuition because she will one day become a mother and a mother is always right; it is the knowledge the Lord sent her on the Earth with. Even though, the women characters are not the stars of Uncle Tom’s Children or A Lesson before Dying, they still had a major impact on the main character(s) spiritually, mentally, and emotionally. In Uncle†¦show more content†¦It’s hard to give up fully on ways you have been grown up on and depended on for so many years. I believe that is what makes it easy for her to trust and believe in the communism movement and sac rifice her life for it. The fact that she was able to allow her son to be harmed and killed in order to protect it uplifts the role of the women. Sue’s last words after they shot her were, â€Å"Yuh didn’t git whut yuh wanted! N yuh ain gonna nevah git it! Yuh didn’t kill me; Ah come here by mahsef†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (263). Sue’s last words show her devotion to the revolution and the faith she put into it. Women are much stronger than portrayed in most books of this time and Uncle Tom’s Children, not only displays the stronger side of the women but the motherly portion as well. The story Long Black Song, displays the suffering of a black woman. Even though, a woman is strong sometimes the world takes advantage of her making her feel down and hopeless. Sarah came to a point in this story, where she knew she couldn’t do anything else so she had to deal and suffer with the circumstances given to her. It takes a lot of inner strength and will for a woman to let go of an individual, especially when they have been good to her. Sarah lost her first love, Tom to fighting racist and segregated America’s problems in war. Then she lost her second lover, Silas, in an unfortunate situation from the selfishness of a white man. She